WEST-E Special Education Practice Test

Intellectual Disability is primarily characterized by which of the following?

1. High academic achievement

2. Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

3. Exclusive social skills deficits

4. Average or above-average IQ

The correct answer is: Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

Intellectual Disability is primarily characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning. This diagnosis involves an IQ score that is typically below 70, which indicates that an individual has difficulties in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, and learning from experience. The key aspect of this condition is not merely an academic label; it reflects a broader spectrum of cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, which includes the everyday skills needed for personal independence and social responsibility. While academic performance can be affected, the defining feature is the overall level of intellectual functioning, which falls significantly below average. This condition also includes varying degrees of difficulties in adapting to the demands of daily life, which further underscores the importance of understanding the limitations in intellectual functioning within the context of the individual’s environment and opportunities for support. Other choices focus on aspects that do not align with the core definition of Intellectual Disability. For instance, high academic achievement and average or above-average IQ contradict the fundamental characteristics of this disability. Social skills deficits can occur but are not exclusive or defining features of Intellectual Disability, as they may be present in various other conditions as well.