WEST-E Special Education Practice Test

What primary factor is believed to contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorders?

1. Social Influences

2. Neuronal Underconnectivity

3. Environmental Pollutants

4. Nutritional Deficits

The correct answer is: Neuronal Underconnectivity

The primary factor that is widely believed to contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is neuronal underconnectivity. This concept suggests that individuals with autism may have differences in the way their brain networks are organized and connected, leading to challenges in communication, social interaction, and behavior. Neuroanatomical studies have shown that many people on the autism spectrum exhibit atypical connectivity among various brain regions, which may hinder the integration of information necessary for typical social and cognitive development. Research indicates that these neurological differences can affect the processing of sensory information, leading to the characteristic behaviors and challenges associated with ASD. This understanding aligns with current theories in neuroscience that highlight the importance of connectivity and brain network efficiency in understanding the complexities of autism. While social influences, environmental factors, and nutritional aspects may play roles in the broader context of health and development, the neurologically-based theory of underconnectivity is crucial for understanding the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorders.