WEST-E Special Education Practice Test

Which disorder is specifically linked to maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, resulting in brain damage and growth retardation?

1. Down Syndrome

2. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

3. Fragile X Syndrome

4. Apert Syndrome

The correct answer is: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

The association between maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy and specific disorders is well-documented, particularly with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This collection of conditions arises from the exposure of a developing fetus to alcohol, leading to a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral issues. The brain damage and growth retardation seen in individuals with FASD are direct consequences of this prenatal exposure, affecting the development of the central nervous system and manifesting in various forms, including developmental delays and distinctive facial features. Other disorders listed, such as Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Apert Syndrome, have different etiologies and are not caused by maternal alcohol use. Down Syndrome is typically caused by a chromosomal abnormality, while Fragile X Syndrome arises from a genetic mutation, and Apert Syndrome results from mutations that affect the development of the skull and face. Thus, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders stands out as the correct response, as it directly links maternal actions during pregnancy to specific developmental impairments in the child.